How to convert Roman numerals
- Type a number such as 1994 to get the Roman numeral, or a numeral such as MCMXCIV to get the number. Upper or lower case both work.
- For larger numbers, a bar over the letters multiplies them by 1,000. Paste a bar-form numeral or use brackets, like (IV)DCC for 4,700.
- To write a date, choose Date to Roman, pick the day, then choose the order and separator.
Smaller symbols placed before a larger one are subtracted: IV is 4, IX is 9, XL is 40, XC is 90, CD is 400, and CM is 900. Otherwise the values are added, so XVI is 16.
Roman numeral chart
Symbols
- I
- 1
- V
- 5
- X
- 10
- L
- 50
- C
- 100
- D
- 500
- M
- 1000
Examples
- 1
- I
- 4
- IV
- 9
- IX
- 14
- XIV
- 40
- XL
- 49
- XLIX
- 90
- XC
- 99
- XCIX
- 400
- CD
- 444
- CDXLIV
- 900
- CM
- 1066
- MLXVI
- 1492
- MCDXCII
- 1776
- MDCCLXXVI
- 1984
- MCMLXXXIV
- 1999
- MCMXCIX
- 2000
- MM
- 2024
- MMXXIV
- 2025
- MMXXV
- 2026
- MMXXVI
- 3999
- MMMCMXCIX
Questions
Is my input uploaded anywhere?
No. The conversion happens in your browser, so nothing you type is sent to a server.
What is the largest number I can write in Roman numerals?
Standard numerals stop at 3,999 (MMMCMXCIX), because there is no letter above M for 1,000. This tool goes up to 3,999,999 by using the vinculum: a bar over a letter multiplies it by 1,000, so I̅V̅ is 4,000 and M̅ is 1,000,000. If your font cannot show the bars, copy the bracket form, such as (IV).
Why does it say my numeral is not valid?
Roman numerals follow fixed rules: I, X, C, and M repeat at most three times, V, L, and D never repeat, and only I, X, and C can be subtracted, each from the next two bigger symbols. So IIII, VV, IC, and VX are rejected. The message names the problem and suggests the standard spelling when it can.
How do I write today's date in Roman numerals?
Switch to "Date to Roman", pick the date, and choose the order and separator you want. Tattoos and monuments often use day.month.year, as in IV.XI.MMXXVI. The date is pre-filled with today.
Is there a Roman numeral for zero?
No. The Romans used the word nulla for "none" but had no symbol, so the converter starts at 1 and tells you so if you enter 0.
Credits
Built by OneTooling using standard browser features. No third-party code runs on your data.